Table of Contents – Anatomy & Physiology

Contents

Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body
1. 1.0 Introduction
2. 1.1 How Structure Determines Function
3. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
4. 1.3 Homeostasis
5. 1.4 Anatomical Terminology
6. 1.5 Medical Imaging
Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization
1. 2.0 Introduction
2. 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
3. 2.2 Chemical Bonds
4. 2.3 Chemical Reactions
5. 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
6. 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Chapter 3. The Cellular Level of Organization
1. 3.0 Introduction
2. 3.1 The Cell Membrane
3. 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
4. 3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
5. 3.4 Protein Synthesis
6. 3.5 Cell Growth and Division
7. 3.6 Cellular Differentiation
Chapter 4. The Tissue Level of Organization
1. 4.0 Introduction
2. 4.1 Types of Tissues
3. 4.2 Epithelial Tissue
4. 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
5. 4.4 Muscle Tissue
6. 4.5 Nervous Tissue
7. 4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
Chapter 5. The Integumentary System
1. 5.0 Introduction
2. 5.1 Layers of the Skin
3. 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
4. 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
5. 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
Chapter 6. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
1. 6.0 Introduction
2. 6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
3. 6.2 Bone Classification
4. 6.3 Bone Structure
5. 6.4 Bone Formation and Development
6. 6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
7. 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
8. 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
Chapter 7. Axial Skeleton
1. 7.0 Introduction
2. 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
3. 7.2 Bone Markings
4. 7.3 The Skull
5. 7.4 The Vertebral Column
6. 7.5 The Thoracic Cage
7. 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
Chapter 8. The Appendicular Skeleton
1. 8.0 Introduction
2. 8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
3. 8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
4. 8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
5. 8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
6. 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 9. Joints
1. 9.0 Introduction
2. 9.1 Classification of Joints
3. 9.2 Fibrous Joints
4. 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
5. 9.4 Synovial Joints
6. 9.5 Types of Body Movements
7. 9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
8. 9.7 Development of Joints
Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue
1. 10.0 Introduction
2. 10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
3. 10.2 Skeletal Muscle
4. 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation
5. 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
6. 10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
7. 10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
8. 10.7 Smooth Muscle Tissue
9. 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
Chapter 11. The Muscular System
1. 11.0 Introduction
2. 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists
3. 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force
4. 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles
5. 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back
6. 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax
7. 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
8. 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
Chapter 12. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
1. 12.0 Introduction
2. 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System
3. 12.2 Nervous Tissue
4. 12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
5. 12.4 Communication Between Neurons
6. 12.5 The Action Potential
Chapter 13. The Peripheral Nervous System
1. 13.0 Introduction
2. 13.1 Sensory Receptors
3. 13.2 Ganglia and Nerves
4. 13.3 Spinal and Cranial Nerves
5. 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS
6. 13.5 Ventral Horn Output and Reflexes
7. 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams)
8. 13.7 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Chapter 14. The Central Nervous System
1. 14.0 Introduction
2. 14.1 Embryonic Development
3. 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation
4. 14.3 The Brain and Spinal Cord
5. 14.4 The Spinal Cord
6. 14.5 Sensory and Motor Pathways
Chapter 15. The Special Senses
1. 15.0 Introduction
2. 15.1 Taste
3. 15.2 Smell
4. 15.3 Hearing
5. 15.4 Equilibrium
6. 15.5 Vision
Chapter 16. The Autonomic Nervous System
1. 16.0 Introduction
2. 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
3. 16.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
4. 16.3 Central Control
5. 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
Chapter 17. The Endocrine System
1. 17.0 Introduction
2. 17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
3. 17.2 Hormones
4. 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
5. 17.4 The Thyroid Gland
6. 17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
7. 17.6 The Adrenal Glands
8. 17.7 The Pineal Gland
9. 17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
10. 17.9 The Pancreas
11. 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
12. 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
Chapter 18. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
1. 18.0 Introduction
2. 18.1 Functions of Blood
3. 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
4. 18.3 Erythrocytes
5. 18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
6. 18.5 Hemostasis
7. 18.6 Blood Typing
Chapter 19. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
1. 19.0 Introduction
2. 19.1 Heart Anatomy
3. 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
4. 19.3 Cardiac Cycle
5. 19.4 Cardiac Physiology
6. 19.5 Development of the Heart
Chapter 20. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
1. 20.0 Introduction
2. 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
3. 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
4. 20.3 Capillary Exchange
5. 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
6. 20.5 Circulatory Pathways
7. 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
Chapter 21. The Lymphatic and Immune System
1. 21.0 Introduction
2. 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
3. 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
4. 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
5. 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
6. 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
7. 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
8. 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
Chapter 22. The Respiratory System
1. 22.0 Introduction
2. 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
3. 22.2 The Lungs
4. 22.3 The Process of Breathing
5. 22.4 Gas Exchange
6. 22.5 Transport of Gases
7. 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
8. 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
Chapter 23. The Digestive System
1. 23.0 Introduction
2. 23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
3. 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
4. 23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
5. 23.4 The Stomach
6. 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
7. 23.6 The Small and Large Intestines
8. 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Chapter 24. Metabolism and Nutrition
1. 24.0 Introduction
2. 24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
3. 24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
4. 24.3 Lipid Metabolism
5. 24.4 Protein Metabolism
6. 24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
7. 24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
8. 24.7 Nutrition and Diet
Chapter 25. The Urinary System
1. 25.0 Introduction
2. 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney
3. 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron
4. 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview
5. 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration
6. 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
7. 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient
8. 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
9. 25.8 Urine Transport and Elimination
10. 25.9 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
Chapter 26. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
1. 26.0 Introduction
2. 26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
3. 26.2 Water Balance
4. 26.3 Electrolyte Balance
5. 26.4 Acid-Base Balance
6. 26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 27. The Sexual Systems
1. 27.0 Introduction
2. 27.1 Anatomy of Sexual Systems
3. 27.2 Development of Sexual Anatomy
4. 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System
5. 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System
6. 27.5 Physiology of Arousal and Orgasm
Chapter 28. Development and Inheritance
1. 28.0 Introduction
2. 28.1 Fertilization
3. 28.2 Embryonic Development
4. 28.3 Fetal Development
5. 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
6. 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
7. 28.6 Lactation
8. 28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
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