Justices Serving on the Court 1970 – 1989
The following figures and tables include the names of the Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn scores for the indicated year. Each table also includes the name of the appointing President, the President’s party affiliation and the years each Justice served on the Court. The first Justice listed is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
1970
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1970
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.133 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 1.462 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Black | 0.089 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Harlan | 0.689 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1954-1971 |
| Stewart | 0.459 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -0.948 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.983 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Brennan | -0.936 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.605 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.378 | -0.52 |
1971
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1971
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.637 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 1.629 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Powell | 1.398 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.092 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -1.082 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.408 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 3.578 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -1.183 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.752 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.637 | -0.03 |
Cohen v. California (1971)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
New York Times v. United States (1971)
Reed v. Reed (1971)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ. (1971)
1972
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1972
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.968 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 1.441 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Powell | 1.175 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.135 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -1.37 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.201 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 3.996 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -1.413 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.782 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.944 | -0.07 |
Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)
Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)
Healy v. James (1972)
Moose Lodge v. Irvis (1972)
Roe v. Wade (1972)
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
1973
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1973
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.563 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 1.301 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Powell | 1.16 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.489 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -1.475 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.212 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.266 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -1.733 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.821 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.61 | -0.12 |
Hess v. Indiana (1973)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
Miller v. California (1973)
Papish v. Board of Curators (1973)
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)
Wilfred Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado (1973)
1974
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1974
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.606 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 1.032 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Powell | 1.099 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.354 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -1.495 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.121 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.357 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -1.929 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.89 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.614 | -0.19 |
Gertz v. Robert-Welch Inc. (1974)
Kahn v. Shavin (1974)
Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo (1974)
Milliken v. Bradley (1974)
Richardson v. Ramirez (1974)
Spence v. Washington (1974)
1975
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1975
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.492 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 0.848 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | 0.083 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.926 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.488 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -2.049 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.981 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.473 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.428 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Douglas | -7.893 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.489 | -0.36 |
Stanton v. Stanton (1975)
Weinberger v. Wisenfeld (1975)
1976
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1976
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.345 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 0.676 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.176 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.677 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.472 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -2.382 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.925 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.444 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.659 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.474 | 0.37 |
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Hills v. Gautreaux (1976)
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia (1976)
Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart (1976)
Pasadena City Bd. of Educ. v. Spangler (1976)
Washington v. Davis (1976)
1977
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1977
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.008 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 0.322 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.081 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.46 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.314 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -2.708 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.533 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.458 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.665 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.234 | 0.18 |
Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Dev. Corp. (1977)
Bellotti v. Baird (Bellotti II) (1977)
Carey v. Population Services International (1977)
Neal R. Wooley etc., et al. v. George Maynard et ux. (1977)
Vorchheimer v. School Dist. of Philadelphia (1977)
1978
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1978
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | -0.051 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 0.144 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.302 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.833 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.511 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -3.064 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.41 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.486 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.574 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.156 | 0.15 |
FCC v. Pacifica Foundation (1978)
First Nat’l Bank of Boston v. Bellotti (1978)
Houchins v. KQED (1978)
Regents of the Univ. of Calif. v. Bakke (1978)
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily (1978)
1979
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1979
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.246 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.047 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.243 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.823 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.48 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -3.337 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.247 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.517 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.485 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.239 | 0.13 |
Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney (1979)
Orr v. Orr (1979)
Smith v. Daily Mail Publishing Co (1979)
1980
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1980
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.218 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.077 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.224 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.872 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| Stewart | 0.73 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1958-1981 |
| Marshall | -3.485 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.512 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.374 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.347 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.224 | 0.17 |
Fullilove v. Klutznick (1980)
Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia (1980)
Stone v. Graham (1980)
1981
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1981
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.263 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.243 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.22 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 1.034 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.657 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -3.621 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.693 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.232 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.34 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.263 | 0.27 |
Citizens Against Rent Control v. Berkeley (1981)
Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma Cnty (1981)
Roskter v. Goldberg (1981)
1982
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1982
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.668 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.3 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.531 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 1.255 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.805 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -3.796 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.579 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.16 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.12 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.667 | 0.30 |
Island Trees School District v. Pico (1982)
Miss. Univ. for Women v. Hogan (1982)
New York v. Ferber (1982)
1983
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1983
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 0.897 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | 0.029 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.508 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 1.127 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.765 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -3.888 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 1.807 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 4.061 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.442 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.875 | 0.32 |
Marsh v. Chambers (1983)
1984
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1984
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 1.082 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.075 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.463 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.851 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.577 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -3.963 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.112 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 3.835 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.583 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.824 | 0.26 |
City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent (1984)
Palmore v. Sidoti (1984)
Seattle Times v. Rhinehart (1984)
William P. Clarke, Secretary of the Interior, et al. v. Community for Creative Non-Violence et al. (1984)
1985
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1985
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 1.299 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.691 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.457 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.94 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.371 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -4.083 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Burger | 2.225 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1986 |
| Rehnquist | 3.627 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.549 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Burger | 0.93 | 0.19 |
City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center (1985)
Hunter v. Underwood (1985)
Plyler v. Doe (1985)
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)
1986
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1986
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scalia | 1.392 | Reagan | Republican | 1986-2016 |
| White | 1.271 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.828 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.594 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| Powell | 0.883 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-1987 |
| O’Connor | 1.451 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -4.278 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Rehnquist | 3.354 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.802 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Rehnquist | 0.875 | -0.02 |
Akron v. Akron Health Center (1986)
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (1986)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Planned Parenthood v. Danforth (1986)
Thornburgh v. Gingles (1986)
Wygant v. Jackson Board of Ed. (1986)
1987
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1987
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kennedy | 1.223 | Reagan | Republican | 1987-2018 |
| Scalia | 1.641 | Reagan | Republican | 1986-2016 |
| White | 1.029 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.888 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.485 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| O’Connor | 1.615 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -4.425 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Rehnquist | 2.9 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -2.92 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Rehnquist | 0.974 | -0.03 |
Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)
Goldman v. Weinberger (1987)
1988
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1988
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kennedy | 1.485 | Reagan | Republican | 1987-2018 |
| Scalia | 1.812 | Reagan | Republican | 1986-2016 |
| White | 1.112 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.924 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.583 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| O’Connor | 1.539 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -4.483 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Rehnquist | 2.775 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -3.077 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Rehnquist | 1.094 | -0.04 |
Clark v. Jeter (1988)
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
1989
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1989
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kennedy | 1.354 | Reagan | Republican | 1987-2018 |
| Scalia | 1.991 | Reagan | Republican | 1986-2016 |
| White | 0.883 | Kennedy | Democrat | 1961-1993 |
| Blackmun | -0.857 | Nixon | Republican | 1969-1994 |
| Stevens | -0.997 | Ford | Republican | 1975-2010 |
| O’Connor | 1.537 | Reagan | Republican | 1981-2006 |
| Marshall | -4.465 | Johnson | Democrat | 1967-1991 |
| Rehnquist | 2.624 | Nixon | Republican | 1971-2005 |
| Brennan | -3.176 | Eisenhower | Republican | 1956-1990 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Rehnquist | 0.88 | -0.12 |
Alleghany County v. Pittsburgh ACLU (1989)
City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co (1989)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)