Justices Serving on the Court 1937 – 1949
The following figures and tables include the names of the Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn scores for the indicated year. Each table also includes the name of the appointing President, the President’s party affiliation and the years each Justice served on the Court. The first Justice listed is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
1937
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1937
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardozo | -1.585 | Hoover | Republican | 1932-1938 |
| Hughes | -0.366 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1941 |
| Sutherland | 1.587 | Harding | Republican | 1922-1938 |
| Stone | -0.767 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -2.91 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| McReynolds | 3.448 | Wilson | Democrat | 1914-1941 |
| Brandeis | -0.603 | Wilson | Democrat | 1916-1939 |
| Roberts | 0.018 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Butler | 2.075 | Harding | Republican | 1923-1939 |
| Reed | -1.032 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Hughes | -0.333 | -0.01 |
| Hughes | -0.559 | -0.01 |
1938
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1938
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hughes | -0.176 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1941 |
| Frankfurter | -1.355 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Stone | -0.693 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -3.228 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| McReynolds | 3.574 | Wilson | Democrat | 1914-1941 |
| Brandeis | -0.613 | Wilson | Democrat | 1916-1939 |
| Roberts | 0.356 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Butler | 2.384 | Harding | Republican | 1923-1939 |
| Reed | -1.122 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Douglas | -2.808 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Hughes | -0.526 | -0.37 |
| Hughes (2) | -0.681 | -0.37 |
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938)
1939
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1939
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hughes | 0.349 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1941 |
| Frankfurter | -1.252 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.612 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | -0.617 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -3.317 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| McReynolds | 3.543 | Wilson | Democrat | 1914-1941 |
| Roberts | 1.006 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Reed | -1.049 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Douglas | -3.016 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Hughes | -0.526 | -0.66 |
Lane v. Wilson (1939)
1940
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1940
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hughes | 0.944 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1941 |
| Frankfurter | -0.722 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.571 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | -0.217 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -3.35 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| McReynolds | 3.363 | Wilson | Democrat | 1914-1941 |
| Roberts | 1.646 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Reed | -0.731 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Douglas | -3.146 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Hughes | -0.624 | -0.42 |
Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)
Minersville School Dist. et al. v. Gobitis et al. (1940)
1941
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1941
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.103 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.522 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | 0.456 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -3.279 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Byrnes | -0.188 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1942 |
| Roberts | 1.858 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Jackson | 0.21 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | -0.265 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Douglas | -3.089 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | -0.141 | -0.64 |
U.S. v. Classic (1941)
1942
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1942
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.47 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.665 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | 0.38 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -3.064 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Roberts | 2.105 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Jackson | 0.238 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.162 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.115 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -2.799 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | 0.094 | -0.59 |
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942)
Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942)
1943
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1943
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.615 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.722 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | 0.242 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -2.73 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Roberts | 2.426 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Jackson | 0.14 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.157 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.147 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -2.465 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | 0.038 | -0.50 |
Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
1944
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1944
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.515 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.431 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | 0.589 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Black | -2.555 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Roberts | 2.759 | Hoover | Republican | 1930-1945 |
| Jackson | 0.204 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | -0.074 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.374 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -1.99 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | -0.084 | -0.37 |
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Smith v. Allwright (1944)
1945
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1945
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.654 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.395 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Stone | 0.73 | Coolidge | Republican | 1925-1946 |
| Burton | 0.513 | Truman | Democrat | 1945-1958 |
| Black | -2.158 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Jackson | 0.631 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.084 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.19 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -1.737 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Stone | 0.069 | -0.43 |
1946
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1946
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 1.041 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.775 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Vinson | 0.417 | Truman | Democrat | 1946-1953 |
| Burton | 0.531 | Truman | Democrat | 1945-1958 |
| Black | -1.957 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Jackson | 1.059 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.298 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.438 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -1.417 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Vinson | 0.245 | -0.36 |
Colegrove v. Green (1946)
1947
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1947
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.954 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.686 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Vinson | 0.544 | Truman | Democrat | 1946-1953 |
| Burton | 0.827 | Truman | Democrat | 1945-1958 |
| Black | -1.794 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Jackson | 1.21 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.537 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.761 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -1.496 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Vinson | 0.448 | -0.30 |
Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
Palko v. Connecticut (1947)
1948
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1948
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.64 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Murphy | -1.513 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1940-1949 |
| Vinson | 0.878 | Truman | Democrat | 1946-1953 |
| Burton | 0.942 | Truman | Democrat | 1945-1958 |
| Black | -1.585 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Jackson | 1.287 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 0.698 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1938-1957 |
| Rutledge | -1.84 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1943-1949 |
| Douglas | -1.662 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Vinson | 0.549 | -0.24 |
Goesaert v. Cleary (1948)
Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)
1949
Justices serving on the Court and Martin Quinn Ideology scores, 1949
| Justice | Mean | President | Party of President | Years Served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frankfurter | 0.37 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1962 |
| Vinson | 1.113 | Truman | Democrat | 1946-1953 |
| Burton | 0.949 | Truman | Democrat | 1945-1958 |
| Black | -1.524 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1937-1971 |
| Jackson | 0.862 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Reed | 1.094 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1941-1954 |
| Minton | 1.216 | Truman | Democrat | 1949-1956 |
| Clark | 1.068 | Truman | Democrat | 1949-1967 |
| Douglas | -1.473 | F.D. Roosevelt | Democrat | 1939-1975 |
| Chief Justice | Median | Court Score |
|---|---|---|
| Vinson | 0.88 | 0.41 |
Giboney et al. v. Empire Storage & Ice Co. (1949)
Terminiello v. Chicago (1949)
Wolf v. Colorado (1949)
