Index
A
Abella, Sally
acceleration: peak horizontal acceleration; strong-motion instrument
accretionary wedge
Adams, John
Adel, Oregon, Earthquakes of 1968
aftershocks; aftershock or foreshock? See also foreshock
Alaska, Gulf of, Earthquake of 1964; liquefaction accompanying; tectonic subsidence; tsunami accompanying, see tsunami
Allen, Clarence
Allen, Richard
anticline
Archuleta, Ralph
asteroid impact probability
asthenosphere
Astoria Submarine Canyon and Channel
Atwater, Brian
B
Bakun, Bill
Barberopoulou, Aggeliki
basalt. See also Columbia River Basalt
base isolation
Basin and Range
Beeson, Marvin
Bellevue, Washington, earthquake program
benchmark, survey
Bend, Oregon, faults
Benioff zone earthquakes. See slab earthquakes
Bentley, Bob
Blakely, Rick
Blanco Fracture Zone
Bonneville Landslide
Bourgeois, Joanne
Bradley Lake, Oregon
Brady, Brian
bridges, damage to
British Columbia earthquake programs
brittle-ductile transition
brittle fracture
brittle structures
Brocher, Tom
Browning, Iben
Bruer, Wes
Bucknam, Bob
building codes; increased cost for earthquake strengthening; International Building Code; lives vs. property protection; National Building Code of Canada. See also Uniform Building Code; California building codes; Oregon Structural Specialty Code
buried forests and marshes. See Cascadia Subduction Zone
Burns, Scott
buttress
C
California Alquist-Priolo Act
California building codes. See also building codes
California Geological Survey (formerly Division of Mines and Geology); Strong Motion Instrumentation Program
California Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
California Earthquake Authority
California Office of Emergency Services: Disaster Office; California Seismic Safety Commission
California Seismic Mapping Act
Caltrans
Campbell, Newell
Canadian government-sponsored earthquake research. See also Geological Survey of Canada; Pacific Geoscience Centre
Cape Mendocino Earthquake of 1992. See Petrolia Earthquake
Carson, Bob
Carver, Deborah
Carver, Gary
Cascade volcanoes
Cascadia deep-sea channel
Cascadia Earthquake of A.D. 1700; tsunami
Cascadia earthquakes, pre-A.D. 1700
Cascadia Region Earthquake Workgroup
Cascadia Subduction Zone; acceleration due to earthquake on, 195-97, 216; deterministic forecast on; eastward-convex arch; insurance against, 234; marsh evidence for earthquakes; probabilistic forecast on
Central Nevada Seismic Zone
Chelan, Washington, Earthquake of 1951
Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake of 1999
Chile Earthquake of 1960; tsunami in Japan
chimney damage
China, earthquake predictions
Coalinga Earthquake of 1983
Coast Range
Cocos Plate
Columbia River Basalt
Community Internet Intensity Map
connection failure
Continental shelf
Coos Bay, Oregon, buried marshes
Copalis River, Olympic Peninsula
Coppersmith, Kevin
Corvallis Fault
COSMOS
Creager, Ken
Crescent City, California, tsunami of 1964
cripple wall
critical facility
Crosson, Robert
crust of the Earth; continental crust; oceanic crust; brittle crust; ductile crust
D
Dam, Van Norman
Darrington-Devils Mountain Fault
Deming, Washington, Earthquake of 1990
Denali, Alaska, Earthquake of 2002
design of large structures: base isolation; bridges and overpasses; special problems
disclosure requirements
Dragert, Herb
duck, cover, and hold
ductile deformation
ductile structures
Duvall, Washington, Earthquake of 1996
E
earthquake hazard maps; in California; of Oregon cities; of Seattle and Olympia; of Victoria, BC
earthquakes: characteristic; cluster; control of; drills; education; implementation and outreach; interaction among faults; loss of market share due to; media response to; precursors; preparedness for; recurrence of; resistance to, for large buildings; slow earthquakes;
earthquake engineering; engineering geologist; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute; performance-based
East Pacific Rise
elasticity; elastic deformation; elastic rebound
Ellsworth, Bill
epicenter
excavations across faults
Explorer Plate; earthquakes in
Explorer Ridge
F
Fairweather, Alaska, Earthquake and landslide of 1958
Farallon Plate
Faris, Roger
fault: blind; dip-slip; displacement; fault-plane solution; fault map of Oregon; normal; reverse; strike-slip; surface rupture; thrust; transform. See also slip rate on faults
Federal Response Plan
FEMA. See U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Filson, John
floods of 1996
focus; focal depth
footwall
forecasting, earthquake; deterministic; probabilistic; probability forecast for San Francisco Bay region; time of increased [earthquake] probability
foreshock
foundation, bolting to
fracture zones
Fraser River Delta
G
Geller, Robert
geodesy
geologic time
Geological Survey of Canada
geotechnical engineering
glacial ice caps; lowered sea level because of
Global Positioning System (GPS); Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array (PANGA); Western Canada Deformation Array
Goldfinger, Chris
Gorda Plate; earthquakes in
Gorda Ridge
Gower, Howard
grading ordinances. See also Uniform Building Code
granite
Grant, Wendy
Greece, earthquake prediction
Griffin, Wally
Griggs, Gary
ground displacement, engineering against
Gulf of California spreading center
Gutenberg-Richter relationship; for Puget Sound-Georgia Strait region
H
Hanford Nuclear Reservation; Basalt Waste Isolation Project
hanging wall
Harris, Ruth
hazard; vs. peril; vs. risk
Heaton, Tom
Hebgen Lake, Montana, Earthquake and landslide of 1959
Heceta Bank, Oregon
Hemphill-Haley, Eileen
Hemphill-Haley, Mark
highway leveling
Holocene
home retrofit against earthquakes; preparedness
Hope, B.C., landslide of 1965
hospitals, damage to
Humboldt Bay, California
Hull, Don
Hurricanes: Andrew; Isabel
hydrophone arrays. See T-phase waves
Hyndman, Roy
hypocenter. See focus
I
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
Indian Earthquake of 1897
Indians. See Native Americans
inertia
Institute of Building and Home Safety
insurance, earthquake; adverse selection; capacity; catastrophic; claims; computer models; cost-based; deductible; government intervention; homeowners’ insurance; indemnity; liability; Natural Disaster Coalition; premium; probable maximum loss; proof of loss; reinsurance; reserves; risk; state department of insurance; surplus; underwriting
intensity; intensity scale
inventory, home
J
Jackson, Dave
Jacoby, Gordon
Jahns, Richard
Japan: civilization; government-sponsored earthquake research; tsunamis
Jibson, Randy
Johnson, Sam
Juan de Fuca Plate
Juan de Fuca Ridge
Juan de Fuca submarine canyon
K
Kagan, Yan
Kanamori, Hiroo
Karlin, Bob
Keefer, David
Keilis-Borok, V. I.
Kelsey, Harvey
Klamath Falls, Oregon, Earthquakes of 1993: landslides and rockfalls
Kobe, Japan, Earthquake of 1995
Krakatau, Indonesia, eruption and tsunami of 1883
Kulm, LaVerne
L
Lake Washington: trees beneath, 110, 111; sediment cores in, 112, 115
Landers, California, Earthquake of 1992, 56-57, 178-79
landslides, 110-12, 189. 191, 205-12, 246, 326, 343, 346, 350; induced by heavy rains, 211, 343; submarine, 63, 208, 209, 234. See also rockslides
lateral spread, 200-201, 203, 213, 343
Law of Large Numbers, 242, 245, 251. See also insurance
Liberty, Lee, 125
LiDAR mapping, 119, 120, 325
Lima, Peru, Earthquake of 1981, prediction, 159-60
Lindh, Allan, 180-81
liquefaction, 68, 125, 188, 190-91, 198-205, 212-13, 246, 268, 326, 343, 346, 350
lithosphere, 15, 20-21
Little Salmon Fault, 83, 150
loads, 261-62
Loma Prieta Earthquake, vii, 179, 181, 191-92, 201-2, 237, 245, 250, 267; attempts to forecast, 179-81; foreshocks, 181; liquefaction accompanying, 201, 202, 205
Long Beach, California, Earthquake of 1933, 294, 297, 321, 336, 348
Los Angeles Basin, 196-97
Ludwin, Ruth, 51, 118
M
Macelwane, James, 167
Mad River Fault, 83, 150
Madin, Ian, 124-25
magnitude, 42-43, 59; intensity magnitude, 51; moment magnitude, 44; surface-wave magnitude, 44. See also Richter magnitude
magnitude 8 vs. 9 at Cascadia, 72-77, 80, 82-83, 168-69, 175, 243
Malone, Steve, 128
Mantle, 15, 19-20, 22, 41
manufactured homes, 276, 277-78
maps: of earthquake hazard, see earthquake hazard maps; of tsunami hazard, see tsunami
marine platform. See wave-cut platform
masonry grades, 46-47. See also unreinforced masonry
maximum considered (credible) earthquake, 168-70, 172
Mazzotti, Stephan, 121
McCrory, Pat, 146
McKay, Mary, 62
McNeill, Lisa, 146
Mendocino Fracture Zone, 17, 23, 24, 26, 71, 83, 93, 94-95, 149; earthquakes in, 95-96; triple junction, 24-25, 26
Merten, Diane, 359-60
Mexico City Earthquake: of 1978, 361-62; of 1985, 193, 289
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 16, 21, 24
Miller, Meghan, 57-58, 88
Milton-Freewater, Oregon, Earthquake of 1936, 133-34, 152
Minor, Rick, 67, 72, 82
Missoula floods, 10, 64, 123-25
Mitchell, Clifton, 75-76
mitigation, 300
mobile homes. See manufactured homes
Modoc Point, Oregon, rockfall, 138, 139
Mt. Mazama eruption and ash, 10, 64-66, 82, 86, 112-13
Mt. Rainier: mudflows, 119, 122; seismic zone, 122
Mt. St. Helens, 10, 14, 69, 122, 156; network, 313; rock avalanche and mudflow, 122, 208; seismic zone, 122-23, 125
Moho discontinuity, 15, 19, 20, 22
Mohoroviˇci´c, Andrija, 19
Mount Angel Fault, 125, 127-28, 152
N
Nábeˇlek, John, 128
Nankai, Japan, Subduction Zone, 75-77, 85, 162; Tokai prediction experiment, 162-63
NASA. See U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council, 157, 160, 180
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 5000), 337
National Institute of Building Sciences, 305
National Science Foundation. See U.S. National Science Foundation
Native Americans, 10, 81-82, 89, 121, 334-35; Bridge of the Gods legend, 210-11; buried campsite, 72; Seattle Fault stories, 118
NAVSTAR satellites. See Global Positioning System
neighborhood plan, 334, 353-54
Nelson, Alan, 79, 81, 169
Nelson, Hans, 64-66
Neumann, Frank, 313
Newell, Chuck, 126
New Madrid, Missouri, Earthquake of 1990, prediction, 157
New Zealand: Earthquake Commission, 254; earthquake insurance, 254-55
Nisqually Earthquake of 2001, 47, 49-50
NOAA. See U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Nootka Fracture Zone, 23, 96, 106, 131
North America Plate, 16, 20-21, 24, 26, 27, 30, 93, 109
North Anatolian Fault, Turkey, 178
North Cascades Earthquake of 1872, 51, 131-33, 152
Northridge Earthquake of 1994, vii, 35-36, 47, 56, 108, 117, 159, 188-89, 237, 242, 245-46, 248, 250-51, 253; media coverage of, 317
Nuclear test-ban compliance, 297-98
O
Obermeier, Steve, 120, 201, 203-4
Olsen, Kim, 196-97
Olympic Mountains, 64, 70, 104
Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, 133-34, 135, 138, 152
Oregon Academy of Sciences, 3, 64, 72
Oregon-California Border Earthquake of 1873, 103
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 237, 325, 331, 340
Oregon Department of Transportation, 289, 344
Oregon Office of Emergency Management, 328-31
Oregon Natural Hazards Workgroup, 345-46
Oregon Seismic Safety Policy Advisory Commission, 330, 332
Oregon State University baccalaureate core curriculum, vii-viii
Oregon Structural Specialty Code, 336-37
Oroville, California, Earthquake of 1975, 299
Othello, Washington, earthquake swarm of 1987, 133
Owens Valley, California, Earthquake of 1872, 320-21
P
Pacific Geoscience Centre, 76, 87-88, 106, 109, 121, 131, 171-72, 314-15
Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network, 47-48, 306, 312-14, 344
Pacific Plate, 16-17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 30, 93
paleoseismology, 36-38, 59, 66, 89, 143, 162, 170, 174-75, 178, 182, 315
Palmdale Bulge, 299-300
PANGA. See Global Positioning System
Parkfield, California, forecast, 160-63, 173-78, 185, 357
Pasco Basin, Washington, 41, 135-38
Personius, Stephen, 169
Peru Earthquake and landslide of 1970, 189, 205, 208, 212
Peterson, Curt, 204
Petrolia, California, Earthquake of 1992, 84, 85, 93-94, 150, 234-35, 253
Pezzopane, Silvio, 143
Plafker, George, 3, 53
plate tectonics, 5, 9-10, 14-27, 54, 298, 303
Pleasant Valley, Nevada, Earthquake of 1915, 33
Pleistocene Epoch, 11-12, 63-64, 112, 123, 147, 203-4. See also glacial ice caps
Portland, Oregon, earthquakes of 1877 and 1962, 125-26
Portland Hills Fault, 123, 124, 125, 152, 185, 347, 355
Pratt, Tom, 125
prediction, earthquake, 156-60, 164-67, 186, 299-301
Presidential Major Disaster Declaration, 303-4, 330
Preston, Leiph, 105
Priest, George, 331
Pringle, Pat, 210
probability curve. See forecasting
psychological issues with earthquakes, 359
Puget Sound slab earthquakes, 202, 280; of 1939, 97, 107; of 1946, 97, 107; of 1949, 8, 43, 97-99, 107, 115-17, 169, 203, 279, 295, 313; of 1965, 8, 99-100, 203; lack of aftershocks, 107; landslides accompanying, 205, 206. See also Nisqually Earthquake, Satsop Earthquake
Q
Queen Charlotte Fault, 16, 27
R
radar interferometry, 57
radiocarbon dating, 12-13, 37-38, 73, 113, 115, 151, 203-4; reservoir correction, 13
Rasmussen, Norm, 313
Red Cross, 304
red-tagged and yellow-tagged buildings, 343, 353
Redwood Coast Earthquake Study Group, 345
Reid, Harry, 30-31, 52-54, 179, 181, 296
resonance (tuning fork) problem, 287-89
retrofit, 254, 263-64, 280-82, 292-94, 304, 355, 363; of historic buildings, 281-82, 286-87
Richter, Charles, 42-43, 156, 296: Richter magnitude scale, 43-44
risk. See hazard, insurance
Rivera Plate, 25, 26, 27
rock site, 192-93, 198
rockslides, earthquake-induced, 189, 206-9: Olympic Peninsula, 114, 115, 117, 206-7; Ribbon Cliffs, Washington, 132, 211. See also Modoc Point
Rogers, Garry, 81, 87-88, 105, 130
Rogue River Submarine Canyon, 65-66
S
San Andreas Fault, 9, 10, 16, 22, 23, 24-25, 26, 27, 30-31, 32, 33, 36-37, 52, 54-55, 83, 85, 89, 93-95, 162, 173-75, 178-81, 246, 296, 321; prehistoric earthquakes on, 37; 1857 Fort Tejon Earthquake, 9, 10, 32, 37, 173-74, 253, 357
San Fernando Earthquake of 1971. See Sylmar Earthquake
San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, 30, 44-45, 52, 173-74, 179, 191-92, 237-38, 296-97; insurance claims, 242-43, 250
sand dikes, 116, 200, 201, 203, 204; at Centralia, Washington, 120; sand boils and sand blows, 200-201
Santa Barbara, California, Earthquake of 1925, 297, 336
Satake, Kenji, 79-81, 85, 218, 225
Satsop, Washington, Earthquake of 1999, 100, 339, 355
Savage, Jim, 2, 53-54, 70, 72
schools: building codes for, 297, 336, 248; damage to, 97-100, 103, 130, 281, 293-94, 338-39; preparedness plans and retrofits, 333-34, 354-55
Schuster, Bob, 115, 206-7, 210
Schwartz, Dave, 174-75
Scotts Mills, Oregon, Earthquake of 1993, 38, 45, 48, 108, 127, 129-30, 152. 339, 349
SDART (Seattle) program, 269, 334
Seattle Fault, 35, 82, 115, 116-19, 169-70, 185, 279, 325: earthquake of A.D. 900-930, 10, 109, 111, 117-18, 120, 206-7, 243; seismic waves focused on, 197; tsunami from, 228
seiche, 238-39
seismic gap theory, 162
seismic safety element of general plan, 323
seismic sea wave. See tsunami
seismic waves, 38-43; attenuation, 51; P waves, 39, 40, 41, 51, 184, 362; S waves, 39, 40, 41, 362; surface vs. body waves, 39
seismic zones (for building codes), 336
seismicity, 89, 92, 95-96, 104, 170, 173-74
seismograph, 5, 41: Gonzaga College, 296; Wood-Anderson, 40, 43-44
Seismological Society of America, 297-98
ShakeMap, 47-48, 50
shear walls, 265-67, 282-84, 288
Sherrod, Brian, 120
Sherrod, Dave, 141
shoreline angle, 145-49, 146
side-scan sonar, 8, 61, 62
Simpson, Bob, 178
Sixes River, Oregon, 71, 86
slab earthquakes, 38, 96-107, 169: rare aftershocks, 103, 107
slip rate on faults, 36-37, 59
Slosson’s Law, 343
soft story, 266-67, 287-88
soil site, 192-93
soils engineer. See geotechnical engineering
SOSUS. See T-phase waves
South American tsunami earthquakes, 79
Southern California Earthquake Center, 307-8
Southern Whidbey Island Fault, 119, 173
South Sister volcano, uplift, 57
Sovanco Fracture Zone, 23, 92
space-based geodesy. See Global Positioning System
Spence, William, 159-60
Spokane, Washington, earthquake swarm of 2001, 133
spreading centers, 16-17, 27, 34, 92, 96, 109
Spring Break Quake. See Scotts Mills Earthquake
Standard Penetration Test, 200-201, 209
state of the art vs. standard of practice, 342-43, 347
Steens Mountain, Oregon, 34, 142
Stein, Ross, 178
Steinbrugge, Karl, 322
Stonewall Bank, Oregon, anticline, 149
strain, 29, 38
stress, 42
strong ground motion, 191-98
structural engineering. See earthquake engineering
Stuiver, Minze, 12
subduction zone, 21, 54, 162. See also Cascadia Subduction Zone
submarine canyon, 18, 63, 66, 87
submarine channel, 63, 82, 85-87, 89
Sylmar (San Fernando Valley) Earthquake of 1971, 34, 35-36, 54, 158-59, 194
syncline, 36
T
T-phase waves
Tacoma Fault
tidal wave. See tsunami
Toe Jam Hill Fault
Toppenish Ridge, Washington
transform fault
tree-ring dating
tsunami: before 1964; CREST; deep-sea pressure gauge; directivity of; effects of sea-floor configuration; hazard maps; in Hawaii; Japanese characters for; logo; long-period waves; National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program; of 1964; surfing a; sounds of. See also U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Tualatin Basin
turbidites
U
uncertainty principle
Uniform Building Code. See also building codes
United Policyholders, Inc.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. See U.S. National Geodetic Survey
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000; Federal Insurance Administration; HAZUS; as part of Department of Homeland Security; Project Impact
U.S. Geological Survey: Advanced National Seismic System; external grants program; Puget Sound-Portland program
U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Jet Propulsion Lab; Earth Systems Enterprise. See also Global Positioning System
U.S. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
U.S. National Geodetic Survey
U.S. National Geophysical Data Center
U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): National Undersea Research Program; seafloor mapping; tsunami warning systems
U.S. National Science Foundation: earthquake engineering research centers; Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation; Ocean Sciences Directorate
U.S. Navy
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
U.S. Small Business Administration
U.S. Weather Bureau
University of California, Berkeley seismic network
University Navstar Consortium
unreinforced masonry (URM)
utility lines
V
VAN prediction method
Vancouver Island, earthquake of 1918; earthquake of 1946
Vere-Jones, D.
Very Long Baseline Interferometry
W
Wang, Kelin
Washington Department of Transportation
Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources
Washington Growth Management Act
Washington State Emergency Management Division
water heater, strapping
wave amplitude: frequency; period; wavelength
wave-cut platform
Wecoma Fault
Weldon, Ray
Wentworth, Carl
Werner, Ken
West Point, Seattle, trench
Western Canada Deformation Array. See Global Positioning System
Western States Seismic Policy Council
Whitcomb, Jim
Willapa Bay, Niawiakum Estuary of: active syncline
Wilson, Joseph
Wong, Ivan
Woodburn, Oregon, earthquake swarm of 1990
Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities
WWSSN
X
Y
Yakima Fold Belt
Yamaguchi, Dave
Yount, Jim
