A Note on Artificial Intelligence

We think it is important to be transparent about how artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used in updating this textbook. AI helped us work more efficiently, but the ideas, examples, and judgments in this text are those of its human authors; no AI-generated content appears in this book without having first been reviewed and revised by a human author.

We used assistance from AI at two points in the writing process.

During revision, we used Microsoft Copilot to help identify more current real-world examples to replace material that had become dated since the second edition, to suggest clearer language in passages that felt overly complicated, and to audit the What’s in it for Me? and Review Questions sections for consistency and inclusivity. Every suggestion was reviewed, evaluated, and rewritten as needed by the authors before being included in the text.

During copy editing, we used Claude (developed by Anthropic) to assist with reviewing and organizing the editorial changes made by our copy editors. Again, all final decisions about the text remained with the authors.